Which movement is associated with Mondrian and is characterized by vertical and horizontal lines and squares?

• A. Futurism
• B. Cubism
• C. De Stijl
• D. Impressionism

Answer: (C)

Mondrian is associated with De Stijl (also known as Neoplasticism), a movement that uses a rigid grid of vertical and horizontal lines and rectangular color fields. In this style, straight lines divide the composition into squares and rectangles, often filled with primary colors or left as white and black. The idea is to reduce form to its essential structure and achieve a sense of universal harmony and balance through orderly, geometric abstraction.

This approach contrasts with other movements: Futurism emphasizes speed, technology, and dynamic diagonals; Cubism breaks objects into multiple viewpoints with fragmented planes; Impressionism focuses on light, color, and loose brushwork. The clean, grid-based geometry is the hallmark that ties Mondrian to De Stijl.